With 164 000 new cases in the U.S. and 20 600 new cases diagnosed each year in Italy, lung cancer is the third most common cancer in North America. Even if below the prostate and breast cancer on the prevalence of lung space is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States and Canada. In the U.S., is five years, the survival rate for lung cancer is relatively low at 14 percent, the figure rose only to 50 percent if the cancer is detectedsoon.
The major risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, the behavior that 85 to 90 percent of all cases are. Prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke also causes lung cancer. The most important risk factors are occupational exposure to carcinogenic chemicals, especially organic chemicals such as asbestos and vinyl chloride. Exposure to radon and other air pollutants also increases the risk of lung cancer, especially in smokers.
Oxygen reaches the blood through a series ofPipes and ducts in the lung. E 'divided into so-called respiratory tract which are divided into smaller branches called bronchioles is divided. At the end of the bronchioles, alveoli, tiny air bubbles are known as. Most lung cancer begins in the lining of the airways, but the cancer can be the beginning of the trachea, bronchi and alveoli. About 20 percent of lung cancer patients had small cell carcinoma, a type of lung cancer usually starts around the airways. Squalorcell carcinoma also is often near the bronchi. He carries about 30 percent of all lung cancer cases.
Lung cancer is often considered an early stage. Patients may develop persistent cough or a finding that the worsening of chronic coughing. Other symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, coughing up blood from the respiratory tract fluids and frequent bouts of bronchitis or pneumonia. Sometimes, the first symptoms of lung cancer are bone pain, headache,Dizziness or other signs of diseases that have metastasized.
People with warning signs should be their primary care physician can evaluate your symptoms and refer patients to doctors who refer specializes in cancer therapy. A doctor is the first story to the current symptoms, past history of the disease and family members diagnosed with cancer to learn. The procedures for the physical examination of patients are dependent on clinical symptoms and may include a digital cameraDigital rectal examination, in which doctors insert a gloved finger gently rectal uniformity of the coating. Doctors can breast examinations of female patients examined in which the breast soft, a lump or mass that is not unusual, the sensation was performed.
During the examination, the doctor passes a thin tube called an endoscope for radiating a tumor in the inner body cavity search. Endoscopic procedures are used depending on the organ or body cavity check. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, the doctor feedsspecialized endoscope into the throat to examine the layers of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine before. A colonoscopy is a flexible tool to see more of the length of the colon.
A series of laboratory tests can help reduce diagnosis. In a Pap test, cervical epithelial cells in plastic with a small brush. These cells are examined under a microscope for cell changes, the signs that cancer may develop as well as signs of malignancy. Ifclinical signs indicate patients with colon cancer, doctors may find blood in the stool with occult blood test. A small stool sample is on the card patient with a chemical called guaiac, which reacts with blood smeared covered. The maps were analyzed in the laboratory for occult (hidden) blood. Other tests for signs of cancer are chemicals to higher levels for some types of cancer, if present. For example, measures of prostate specific antigen (PSA) levelProstate-specific antigen in the blood.
These include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT and MRI using a computer to form three-dimensional images of the tumor and surrounding tissue. X-ray mammography as a breast cancer images help physicians to recognize and evaluate breast cancer. Ultrasound High frequency sound waves bounce off the tumor and surrounding tissue to produce an image of the tumor. Multimodality image display technology combines themultiple imaging devices into a single image, so that the final three-dimensional images with more details. Get computer-aided diagnosis technology with sophisticated computer program called artificial intelligence to scan X-ray mammograms and to help search for signs of cancer and provides an automatic second opinion.
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